Definition of a Variance
In accounting the term variance usually refers to the difference between an actual amount and a planned or budgeted amount. For example, if a company's budget for supplies expense is $30,000 and the actual amount is $28,000 or $34,000, there will be a variance of $2,000 or $4,000 respectively. Similarly, if a company has budgeted its revenues to be $200,000 and its actual revenues end up being $193,000 or $208,000, there will be a variance of $7,000 or $8,000 respectively.
When is a Variance Favorable
A favorable variance indicates that the variance or difference between the budgeted and actual amounts was good or favorable for the company's profits. In other words, this variance will be one reason why the amount of the company's actual profits will be better than the budgeted profits.
Favorable Expense Variance
For example, if supplies expense was budgeted to be $30,000 but the actual supplies expense ends up being $28,000, the $2,000 variance is favorable because having fewer expenses than were budgeted was good for the company's profits. It is one reason why the company's actual profits will be better than the budgeted profits.
Favorable Revenue Variance
If a company had budgeted its revenues to be $200,000 and the actual revenues end up being $208,000, the company will have a favorable variance of $8,000. The variance is favorable because having the actual revenues being more than the amount budgeted is good for the company's profits. It will also be a factor why the company's actual profits will be better than the budgeted profits.
