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What is a variable expense? Definition of Variable Expense An expense is variable when its total amount changes in proportion to the change in sales, production, or some other activity. In other words, a variable expense...

What is net present value? Definition of Net Present Value Net present value is the combination of 1) the present value of cash inflows, and 2) the present value of the cash outflows. To arrive at these present value...

What is simple linear regression analysis? What is Simple Linear Regression Analysis Simple linear regression analysis is a statistical tool for quantifying the relationship between one independent variable (hence...

Is rent expense a period cost or a product cost? Definition of Rent Expense Rent expense is often a monthly amount paid by a company for use of a building. Typically, the rent is due on the first day of every month that...

What is a fixed cost? Definition of Fixed Cost A fixed cost is one that does not change in total within a reasonable range of activity. Since the fixed cost remains constant in total, the fixed cost per unit of activity...

What is the break-even point? Definition of Break-even Point In accounting, the break-even point refers to the revenues necessary to cover a company’s total amount of fixed and variable expenses during a specified...

What are production costs? Definition of Production Costs In managerial accounting and cost accounting, production costs are the costs that occur in the manufacturing facilities. Production costs are also referred to as...

What is the interest coverage ratio? Definition of Interest Coverage Ratio The interest coverage ratio is a financial ratio used as an indicator of a company’s ability to pay the interest on its debt. (The required...

What is a service department? Definition of Service Department A service department is usually associated with a manufacturer’s production departments. However, a service department does not produce any of the...

What are the limitations of the payback period? Definition of Payback Period The payback period is a common (but not the best) tool for screening a company’s potential investments. It uses the potential investment’s...

What are departmental overhead rates? Definition of Departmental Overhead Rates Departmental overhead rates are used by many manufacturers to allocate (assign, apply) manufacturing overhead to the goods it produces...

What are pro forma financial statements? Definition of Pro Forma Financial Statement A pro forma financial statement is one based on certain assumptions and projections (as opposed to the typical financial statement...

What is synergy? In business the term synergy is often associated with the merger or acquisition of companies.  Synergy implies that the outcomes resulting from the merger of two companies will be greater than the sum...

What is hurdle rate? Definition of Hurdle Rate In capital budgeting, the term hurdle rate is the minimum rate that a company wants to earn when investing in a project. Therefore, the hurdle rate is also referred to as...

What is capital budgeting? Definition of Capital Budgeting Capital budgeting is a process used by companies for evaluating and ranking potential capital expenditures or investments that are significant in amount. A few...

What is the coefficient of determination? The coefficient of determination is a statistic which indicates the percentage change in the amount of the dependent variable that is “explained by” the changes in the...

What is standard costing? Definition of Standard Costing Standard costing is an accounting system used by some manufacturers to identify the differences or variances between: The actual costs of the goods that were...

What is the dividend yield? The dividend yield is the annual cash dividend per share of common stock divided by the market price of a share of the common stock. Usually, fast growing corporations have a low dividend...

What is the price earnings ratio? The price earnings ratio, or P/E ratio, is the market price per share of common stock divided by the earnings per share of common stock. A corporation with a high price earnings ratio is...

What is benchmarking? Benchmarking is a process for improving some activity within an organization. We will illustrate benchmarking with the following example. Company Q has identified one of its activities that needs...

What is variance analysis? Definition of Variance Analysis In accounting, a variance is the difference between an actual amount and a budgeted, planned or past amount. Variance analysis is one step in the process of...

What is credit analysis and financial analysis? Credit analysis is associated with the decision to grant credit to a customer. It is also part of a bank’s lending procedures for making a loan and monitoring the...

What is DCF? In accounting, DCF refers to discounted cash flows or to the discounted cash flow techniques such as net present value or internal rate of return. DCF is a preferred method for evaluating capital...

What is a learning curve? Definition of Learning Curve A common learning curve shows that the cumulative average time to complete a manual task (in which learning is involved) will decrease 20% whenever the cumulative...

What is the break-even formula? Break-even Point in Units of Product The formula for determining the break-even point in units of product sold is: total fixed expenses divided by the contribution margin per unit. For...

What is a predetermined overhead rate? Definition of Predetermined Overhead Rate A predetermined overhead rate is often an annual rate used to assign or allocate indirect manufacturing costs to the goods it produces....

What is a budget? A budget is a financial plan for future activities. The budgets used in business often include a sales or revenues budget detailed by products or services, production budgets, budgets for each...

What is a plant-wide overhead rate? Definition of Plant-wide Overhead Rate A plant-wide overhead rate is often a single rate per hour or a percentage of some cost that is used to allocate or assign a company’s...

What is the rule of 72? The rule of 72 is a simple formula that tells you the approximate amount of time or interest rate needed for an amount to double. The formula is Years X Rate per year = 72. Here’s how it works....

Isn't all overhead fixed? Not all overhead is fixed. Some manufacturing overhead costs, which are also referred to as indirect factory costs, are variable. A common example of a variable overhead cost is the electricity...

What are direct costs? Definition of Direct Costs Direct costs are directly traceable to a cost object such as a product or a department. In other words, direct costs do not have to be allocated to a product, department,...

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