See last in, first out (LIFO).
See last in, first out (LIFO).
The moving average cost of inventory items under the perpetual inventory system. A new average cost per unit is developed after each purchase of an inventory item. To learn more, see Explanation of Inventory and Cost of...
An amount remaining after another amount is subtracted. In the accounting equation, owner’s equity is the residual of assets minus liabilities.
Net sales is the gross amount of Sales minus Sales Returns and Allowances, and Sales Discounts for the time interval indicated on the income statement.
See not sufficient funds check.
Is it acceptable for companies to use two methods of depreciation? Definition of Depreciation Methods There are various methods of depreciating assets that are used in a business. It is acceptable and common for...
One of the main financial statements (along with the balance sheet, the statement of cash flows, and the statement of stockholders’ equity). The income statement is also referred to as the profit and loss...
A special or specialized journal to record sales of merchandise to customers. In a manual system this saves a significant amount of recording time. In today’s computerized environment, sales are recorded...
What is a long-term asset? Definition of Long-term Asset A long-term asset is an asset that is not expected to be converted to cash or be consumed within one year of the date shown in the heading of the balance sheet....
Often a U-shaped arrangement of the various machines involved in manufacturing a product. This layout eliminates the need to move the item being manufactured from one area or department of the factory to another. In...
What is a journal? Definition of a Journal In accounting and bookkeeping, a journal is a record of financial transactions in order by date. Traditionally, a journal has been defined as the book of original entry. The...
A cost that has been recorded in the accounting records and reported on the balance sheet as an asset until matched with revenues on the income statement in a later accounting period.
How do I record exterior cement work? Is it an asset or an expense? If the cement work was done to repair or maintain existing cement work, then the expenditure should be recorded as an expense. Even if the cost is very...
See contingent gain.
Verifiable, objective (not subjective), and you can depend on it.
A trademark associated with a service rather than a product.
See inventory: work-in-process (WIP).
More formally known as the Uniform CPA Examination. This rigorous, 14-hour, computer-based exam consists of questions developed by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. The exam is in English only and...
Merchandise that is not owned by the party in possession of the goods. For example, a craftsperson might have produced 100 ornate wood items. In order to sell the items, the person asks a local merchant to take five of...
See first in, first out (FIFO).
A statistical tool that uses the least-squares method to estimate the fixed and variable components of mixed costs.
What are the notes to the financial statements? Definition of Notes to Financial Statements The notes to the financial statements are a required, integral part of a company’s external financial statements. They are...
Usually a person without a four-year or five-year accounting degree employed to record routine financial transactions for smaller companies.
An employee that is not entitled to overtime wages or salaries. Examples of exempt employees include executives, managers and other highly-paid employees.
What is an invoice? Definition of Invoice An invoice is a dated bill prepared by the seller of goods sold (or services provided) which includes brief descriptions of the items, quantities of items and their unit prices,...
Direct materials, direct labor and manufacturing overhead costs. Also referred to as product costs, production costs, and inventoriable costs.
What is obsolete inventory? Definition of Obsolete Inventory Obsolete inventory refers to products that a company had purchased or produced which cannot be sold. The obsolete items may be the result of one or more of the...
In manufacturing, the product cost includes direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead. A retailer’s product cost is the net cost from suppliers plus costs to get the product in place and ready for...
To learn more, see our Financial Ratios Outline.
The party owning an asset and receiving rent from another party (the lessee).
Why does a bond's price decrease when interest rates increase? Definition of Bond’s Price A bond’s price is the present value of the following future cash amounts: The cash interest payments that occur every six...
An official pronouncement by the Financial Accounting Standards Board that involves a previously issued FASB Standard. FASB Interpretations are part of the generally accepted accounting principles.
Using capital stock (common stock or preferred stock) instead of debt in order to finance an investment such as a plant asset.
See U.S. Treasury bills.
What is the consistency principle? Definition of Consistency In accounting, consistency requires that a company’s financial statements follow the same accounting principles, methods, practices and procedures from one...
The amount by which actual costs exceed the standard costs or budgeted costs. Also, the amount by which actual revenues are less than the budgeted revenues.
The activities involved in earning revenues. For example, the purchase or manufacturing of merchandise and the sale of the merchandise including marketing and administration. In the statement of cash flows the operating...
Gross wages or gross salaries minus withholdings for payroll taxes and other items such as insurance, union dues, United Way, etc. Also referred to as “take home pay” or the amount the employee...
A “clean” auditor’s report. That is, the auditor has concluded that the financial statements present fairly the results of the company’s operations and its financial position according to...
See mixed expenses.
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