Income Statement

Income statements (whether single-step or multiple-step) report nearly all revenues, expenses, gains, and losses.

Sometimes rare or extraordinary events will occur during the income statement's time interval along with the normally recurring events. It's helpful to the reader of the statement if these unique items are segregated into a special section near the bottom of either the single-step or multiple-step income statement. These unique or rare items are:

    1. Discontinued Operations
    2. Extraordinary Items

When recording these items near the bottom of an income statement, it's required that you present them in the same order as they appear above (it might help for you to remember the acronym "DEC"). The occurrence of atypical items on an income statement is relatively rare and many companies will not have any listed. In fact, it would be most unusual if a company had all three on any given income statement.

1.   Discontinued operations pertains to the elimination of a significant part of a company's business, such as the sale of an entire division of the company. (Eliminating a small portion of product line does not qualify as a discontinued operation.)

2.   Extraordinary items includes things that are unusual in nature and infrequent in occurrence. A loss due to an earthquake in Wisconsin would certainly be extraordinary. A loss due to a foreign country taking over a U.S. oil refinery in that country would be an extraordinary item.

If an item is unique and significant but it does not meet the criteria for being both "unusual and infrequent," the item must remain in the main section of the income statement; it can however be shown as a separate line item. For example, if a company suffers a $40,000 loss due to a strike by its workers, the $40,000 cannot be shown as an extraordinary item since it is not unusual in nature for a strike to occur. The $40,000 may be shown as a separate line item, but it must be positioned in the main portion of the income statement.

Two additional examples of situations that do not qualify as extraordinary items are (1) the loss from frost damage to a Florida citrus crop and (2) the write-down of inventory from cost to a lower amount. Apparently the frost in Florida is not unusual in nature and not infrequent. Similarly, it's not unusual for items in inventory to have a current value lower than its cost. Although these things maybe significant, unusual, and important, they do not belong in the section containing extraordinary items.

Below is an example of a single-step income statement containing an extraordinary item. (If this were a corporation, income tax expenses would be part of the income statement and an extraordinary gain would be reduced by the income tax expense associated with the gain; an extraordinary loss would be reduced by the income tax savings associated with the loss.) See net of tax.

Sample Products Co. Income Statement For the Five Months Ended May 31, 2008 Revenues & Gains Sales $100,000 Interest Revenues 5,000 Gain on Sale of Assets       3,000 Total Revenue & Gains   108,000 Expenses & Losses Cost of Goods Sold 75,000 Commissions Expense 5,000 Office Supplies Expense 3,500 Office Equipment Expense 2,500 Advertising Expense 2,000 Interest Expense 500 Loss from Lawsuit      1,500 Total Expenses & Gains    90,000 Income Before Extraordinary 18,000 Extraordinary Item - Gain      7,000 Net Income $ 25,000

Note that even in a single-step format shown above, the extraordinary item is separated out and added to the end of the income statement. The same would be true for discontinued operations.

Below is a multiple-step income statement containing discontinued operations and an extraordinary item. (If this were a corporation, income tax expenses would be part of the income statement; the two unique items would be reduced by the income tax effect associated with each item.)

Sample Products Co. Income Statement For the Five Months Ended May 31, 2008 Sales $100,000  Cost of Goods Sold     75,000  Gross Profit     25,000  Operating Expenses Selling Expenses Advertising Expense 2,000 Commissions Expense     5,000 7,000  Administrative Expenses Office Supplies Expense 3,500 Office Equipment Expense     2,500      6,000  Total Operating Expenses    13,000  Operating Income     12,000  Non-Operating or Other Interest Revenues 5,000  Gain on Sale of Investments 3,000  Interest Expense (500) Loss from Lawsuit    (1,500) Total Non-Operating      6,000  Income before Disc Op and Extraordinary Item    18,000  Discontinued Operations      (4,000) Extraordinary Item      7,000  Net Income $ 21,000

Note that the two unique items are shown near the bottom of the income statement. This is where the items should appear on both single-step and multiple-step statements.

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