Patents are intangible assets that generate revenue. They have a useful life, so you have to amortize them. Goodwill: Basic example Let's say we decide to purchase a company for 8,000,000. If the company is selling for 8,000,000, but the fair market value of the company's net assets(assets-liabilities(7,000,000-2,000,000) ) only add up to 5,000,000, there is a difference of 3,000,000. This amount can be classified as goodwill. j/e to purchase company Dr. Assets 7,000,000 Dr. Goodwill 3,000,000 Cr. Liabilities 2,000,0000 Cr. Cash 8,000,000 Goodwill is like buying the company's good name, and also it's future business. Goodwill is also not amortized systematically. Goodwill is decreased only when it's value has been determined to be impaired. Impairment occurs when the current value of goodwill(fair value of company - fair value of net assets) is less than the carrying value of goodwill.
Purchase of patent on Jan. 01/07 for 120,000 w/ useful life of 3 years. 01/01/07 Dr. Patents 120,000 Cr. Cash 120,000 12/31/07 Dr. Amortization Expense 40,000 (120,000/3) Cr. Patent 40,000